Technically, yes. The Blue Ridge Marathon is USATF certified and your finish time can be submitted to the BAA for Boston qualifying purposes.
In practice, nobody does this. And the race itself knows it.
The race FAQ answers this question with what might be the most honest sentence on any marathon website in the country: "Technically the answer is yes. But just remember that this is America's Toughest Road Marathon and most people aren't setting personal records on this course. We prefer to promote a 'complete, not compete' mindset."
The course has 7,430 feet of total elevation change. Three mountain climbs. The marathon is capped at 750 runners. Even elite runners finishing near the course record are running times that are 30+ minutes slower than they would run on a flat course.
So why does Blue Ridge bother with USATF certification? Because it's a real, measured, legitimate marathon. The certification isn't about Boston. It's about the race's credibility as a marathon, which it has in spades.
If you want to BQ, go to CIM, Chicago, or Grandma's. If you want to run the hardest road marathon in America, drink champagne on top of a mountain at mile 20, and finish in a craft beer music festival, go to Blue Ridge. These are not competing goals. They are different sports disguised as the same distance.